The article discusses “Efforts for the renaissance of Muslims rule in Subcontinent. Efforts for renaissance. Movements for reforms in subcontinent. Efforts for the renaissance of Muslims rule in Subcontinent.”
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Every time when Muslims rule in Subcontinent has fell weak, renaissance efforts have been made by prominent religious scholars and noble to restore the rule of Muslims in India. Details of these efforts are given in below paragraphs.
A Short History Of Muslims Rule in Subcontinent
Muslims’ rule in Subcontinent was established in 712 A. D. with the conquest of Debaul/Daibul (present day Karachi, Pakistan) by Muhammad Bin Qasim during Ummayyad dynasty. For many centuries those parts of Subcontinent which were conquered by Muslims mujahids remained under the domain and control of Caliph in Arab. Then in 1206 A.D. Qutbudin Aibak laid the foundation of an independent Muslim state in Subcontinent. For next three to four centuries Muslim state in Subcontinent was ruled by various Sultans. This process end when in 1526 Babur established Mughal rule in India. Mughal rulers not only expand the domain of Muslim rule in India but also gave new identity to the region. They ruled the area till 1857 when British officially announced its rule in India and over thrown the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar.
In the 18th century the British came to the region and took over the area of Pakistan, then part of India. They would rule up until 1947. In 1947 the British split up India into three parts: India, Pakistan, and East Pakistan (which would later become Bangladesh). India and Pakistan have long fought over a disputed region called Kashmir.
Efforts For The Renaissance Of Muslims Rule in Subcontinent
- 28 History of subcontinent from 712 to 1857 pdf. 2012 After a bitter struggle with his two brothers, Aurangzeb was the victor who took the throne. 1857 Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor, was deposed in 1858. India was brought under the direct rule of the British Crown History of subcontinent from 712 to 1857 pdf. This brought the end of the Mughal Empire.
- The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) unified most of the Indian subcontinent into one state, and was the largest empire ever to exist on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas.
- The first major blow to this relationship was struck in about the year 712 A.D., when some pirates, known to be the subjects of a Hindu Raja ‘Dahir’, the ruler of Sindh, attacked a caravan of women and children carrying gifts and letters of goodwill for Hajjaj-bin- Yousaf, the governor of Kufa and looted it.
Since 712 till 1857 A. D. and then 1947, every time efforts have been made by a group learned and loyal Muslims for the renaissance of Muslims rule in Subcontinent. As Muslims rule over India ends in 1857 A. D. therefore we divide these renaissance efforts into two categories. First category contains those efforts that were made before 1857 and their sole purpose was to re-establish powerful Muslims rule over India. Second category contain those efforts that were made after 1857 and their sole objective was to relieve Muslims of the atrocities of the British and to educate Muslims and finally to obtain an independent Muslim state. Details of these efforts are given below.
Efforts For The Renaissance Of Muslims Rule in Subcontinent 712-1857
During this time the first reported renaissance movement emerged during Akbar rule which was headed by Mujadid Alf Sani. Detail of this and other renaissance efforts that emerged in later times are given in below paragraphs.
Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi Efforts
Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, also known as Imam Rabbani and Mujadid Alf Sani began his renaissance movement in Seventeenth century. During his time Akbar was Mughal emperor who ruled the Subcontinent. Though politically Muslim rule over Subcontinent was very strong but on religious grounds there were no signs of Islam and Islamic principles in royal court and other institutions of the empire. Akbar’s self created Din-i-Illahi had greatly affected religious life and beliefs of Muslims.
Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi through his sincere efforts not only purged Muslim society of misbelieves but also faced Akbar’s false religion. He once again put Muslims rule in Subcontinent on the path of greatness.
Shah Waliullah Efforts
Shah Waliullah also known as Muhadis Delhvi worked for the renaissance of Muslim rule over Subcontinent in Eighteenth century. In 18th century after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir, Muslim rule over Subcontinent fell into the hands of his most incompetent successors who have no interest in empire, politics and rule. Soon Muslim empire fell weak and it gave chance to many Non Muslim rulers to attack Delhi and establish their rule. Shah Waliullah through his efforts not only awake Muslims and restored the spirit of Jihad in them but also requested neighboring rulers to attack and destroy these infidel forces who are ready to attack and destroy Muslims rule over Subcontinent. On his request many nobles including Great Afghan ruler Ahmed Shah Abdali attacked Marhatas and destroyed them.
History Of Subcontinent From 712 To 1947 Timeline
Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barailvi
Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barailvi worked for the renaissance of Muslims rule over Subcontinent in early 19th century. He was a man of action. He did not believe only in words so he planned to take practical steps in this regard. For restoring Muslims glory in India, Syed Sahab planned to launch Jihad movement against Sikh, French and British. He successfully run jihad movement against infidel forces till his last breath.
Fraizi Movement
History Of Indian Subcontinent
Fraizi Movement was launched by Haji Shariat Ullah of Bengal in 1820’s. As the name indicates the movement focused primarily on the completion of Fraiz (obligations) of Islam. Haji Shariat Ullah was deadly against the false and superstitious beliefs which had arisen in Muslim society due to long contact with the Hindus. The movement under Haji Shariat Ullah command helped a lot those Muslims who have been crushed by East India Company and Non Muslim Zamindars.
Titu Mir
Mir Nasir Ali, popularly known as Titu Mir worked for the independence and renaissance of Muslims of Bengal in early 19th Century. He fought bravely for the rights and protection of Muslims of Bengal till 1831, when he was martyred during clashes with the local government.
Efforts For The Renaissance Of Muslims Rule in Subcontinent – 1857 Onward
After the fall of Muslims rule in Subcontinent many renaissance efforts were made by some prominent Muslim scholars and fighters to restore the broken glory of Muslims in Subcontinent. Renaissance movements during this time were mostly focused on education and economic uplift of Muslims. Detail of these renaissance movements are given in below paragraphs.
Aligarh Movement
Aligarh Movement was launched by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (pioneer of Two Nation Theory) in late 19th century. It was basically an educational movement that aimed at providing modern western education to the Muslims of Subcontinent. Many educational institutions were built by this movement that helped Muslims a lot in learning modern knowledge. The movement had both political and educational impacts on Muslim society in Subcontinent.
Deoband Movement
History Of Subcontinent From 712 To 1947 Book
Deoband Movement was launched by Sufis and mystics of Subcontinent to protect Islamic injunctions and provide religious education to the Muslims of Subcontinent. Deoband Movement did great work in the provision of religious education to Muslims of the Subcontinent.
Other Renaissance Movement And Efforts
Other renaissance movement that worked for the welfare of Muslim in India includes Nadva tul Ulema Lucknow, Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam Lahore, Sindh Madrasa and Islamia Colleg Peshawar and so on. These educational movements did great work in the educational and political uplift of Muslims of Subcontinent.
Conclusion
Muslims of the Subcontinent from very beginning have reviewed their rule in Subcontinent time and again. They have never considered defeat an option and so have tried again and again until they got an independent Islamic state in the shape of Pakistan.
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